What Is Fixed Nitrogen or Nitrogen Fixation

Living organisms need nitrogen to form nucleic acids, proteins, and other molecules. However, the nitrogen gas, N2, in the atmosphere is unavailable for use by most organisms because of the difficulty breaking the triple bond between nitrogen atoms. Nitrogen has to be fixed or bound into another form for animals and plants to use it. Here is a look at what fixed nitrogen is and an explanation of different fixation processes. Fixed nitrogen is nitrogen gas, N2, that has been converted to ammonia (NH3, an ammonium ion (NH4, nitrate (NO3, or another nitrogen oxide so that it can be used as a nutrient by living organisms. Nitrogen fixation is a key component of the nitrogen cycle. How Is Nitrogen Fixed? Nitrogen may be fixed via natural or synthetic processes. There are two key methods of natural nitrogen fixation: LightningLightning provides energy to react water (H2O) and nitrogen gas (N2) to form nitrates (NO3) and ammonia (NH3). Rain and snow carry these compounds to the surface, where plants use them.BacteriaMicroorganisms that fix nitrogen are known collectively as diazotrophs. Diazotrophs account for about 90% of natural nitrogen fixation. Some diazotrophs are free-living bacteria or blue-green algae, while other diazotrophs exist in symbiosis with protozoa, termites, or plants. Diazotrophs convert nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia, which can be converted into nitrates or ammonium compounds. Plants and fungi use the compounds as nutrients. Animals obtain nitrogen by eating plants or animals that eat plants. There are multiple synthetic methods for fixing nitrogen: Haber or Haber-Bosch processThe Haber process or Haber-Bosch process is the most common commercial method of nitrogen fixation and ammonia production. The reaction was described by Fritz Haber, earning him the 1918 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and adapted for industrial use early in the 20th century by Karl Bosch. In the process, nitrogen and hydrogen are heated and pressurized in a vessel containing an iron catalyst to produce ammonia.Cyanamide processThe cyanamide process forms calcium cyanamide (CaCN2, also known as Nitrolime) from calcium carbide that is heated in a pure nitrogen atmosphere. Calcium cyanamide then is used as a plant fertilizer.Electric arc processLord Rayleigh devised the electric arc process in 1895, making it the first synthetic method of fixing nitrogen. The electric arc process fixes nitrogen in a lab in much the same way lightning fixes nitrogen in nature. An electric arc reacts oxygen and nitrogen in air to form nitrogen oxides. The oxide-laden air is bubbled through water to form nitric acid.

The Crime Of Brazil And Brazil - 1698 Words

Brazil has some of the most violent cities in the world. The murder rate in Brazil has been going through the roof each year. Some cities have a murder rate of 50 per 50,000 people. Most murder victims are usually male, poor and teenagers. Most of these crimes take place in the infamous favelas of Brazil. Murder is not the only crime leaking in the shallow streets of the favelas. High-profile rape cases, kidnapping, drugs, and weapons dealing in the favelas are the common headlines in Brazil (Griffin, Jo). These crimes are born in the favelas and spread through the streets of Brazil. The economic growth of Brazil over the years has benefited the rich puppeteers of the society, but it has made life more miserable for the poor (McCann, Bryan). Not just in Rio, but favelas have spread throughout many cities in Brazil and now they are the number one birthplace of different types of crimes in the country. 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Different Barriers Faced by us in Relocation Project

Questions: 1. My role or nature of work in this project2. Team work in project process and experience of team work3. Different barriers to project team work and success of project4. Project management leadership skills involved in this project5. Recommendation regarding project management leadership skills? Answers: Introduction The project main focus is on relocation process of office premises. The relocation of the building is done on the basis of several factors. Some of the major factors are, number of employees, space available in new office (Geoghegan and Dulewicz, 2008). In addition to this, the budget and scheduling is main factor. The project was completed with the help of other 5 team members. In addition to this, the estimated finish time of project was three months. On the other hand, the call center present in metropolis city is relocated to new location. The new location in this project was selected as per the client requirement and demand. In addition to this, the new location of call center is Business Park. 1. My role or nature of work in this project While the project work was completed with the coordination and help of other five team members. On the other hand, as we all were having different roles and responsibilities. But we helped each other in each stage. In addition to this, from this project I learned the importance of team work and deadline (Mathieu et al., 2008). As a team member I was actively involved in all business activities. That is, logistics, risk, human resource, finance and others. The entire project was based on deadline and scheduling. So, my main work in this project was to finish all assigned work in given time. On the other hand, my work was to gather all information regarding the assigned task. In addition to this, I was also responsible for gathering information from client regarding project work. Apart from this, I was also focusing all diversified requirement of client regarding selection of building. While working in this project, I also came to know to know about the importance of deadline. As, every task was having their pre- defined schedule or time. In addition to this, I also got chance to sharpen my core knowledge. And I also got chance to know about other new subjects. 2. Team work in project process and experience of team work The relocation project was completed with the help of all 6 team members. On the other hand, every team member was having different set of responsibilities. As mentioned by Maurer, (2010), project can only be completed when team work is good. That is, project success one of the most important factor is team work. The main focus of our team was to deliver client project as per his requirement. In context to this Muller and Turner (2007) stated, team work help in solving problem easily and it also help in reducing the work pressure. In case of this project, with the help of proper team work, the relocation work was completed on time. In case of relocation of call center office, we six were having different roles and responsibilities. That is, one was responsible in human resource field, finance and others (Yang et al., 2011). Apart from this, everyone was also allocated with the timeline or deadline. That is, work has to be finished in given time. With the help of this project, I came to know to about team work importance for completion of any project. In addition to this, I also got chance to work with different culture and specialization peoples. The team work experience while this project was very good. We six always helped each other in completion of each stage (Anderson, 2008). On the other hand, the team work also help in knowing about different other specialization. That is, every team member was having different specialization responsibilities. 3. Different barriers to project team work and success of project As mentioned by Anthony et al. (2006), every process is having some or the other barriers and difficulties. Some of the barriers faced by us, while this project and regarding team work are Improper planning for some part of project As mentioned by Aucoin (2007), planning is the main factor for running any project in successful manners. On the other hand, improper planning can affect the working of project and success. In case of relocation project, in some stage planning was not done in proper way. And it affected the working of project or project next phase was affected. For example, the budgeting was done in initial stage for complete project. But we ignored the budgeting process for individual stages of project. And in the middle of project process it was found that annual budgeting is getting disturbed. In context to this Remington and Pollack (2007) commented, the project success depends on proper planning. That is, planning for each individual stage of project. Poor or improper training provided by different field experts to sub ordinates As mentioned above, the project was completed with the coordination of six members. But some part of project was done with the help of external people or sub-ordinates. In context to this Aucoin (2007) stated, training help in improving the quality and efficacy of work. In case of relocation project, in some stage due to deficiency of training to team members, project work was effected. On the other hand, in relocation project, each project work was connected to each other. That is, financial planning was main factor for each process. In addition to this, project planning was also dependent on financial planning or budgeting. If anyone process is delayed all other will be affected automatically. Bad attitude or nature of team members with each other or sub ordinates at any time As mentioned by Muller and Turner (2007), attitude is the main factor will spoils team coordination and work. That is, while relocating old office of call center to new building. Some team members showed their bad attitude toward subordinates and others. Due to which, many subordinates were dissatisfied with the team coordination and other. Vague goal regarding any portion of work In context to this Meredith and Mantel (2006) stated, proper goal identification is necessary for any project process. In case of relocation project, many times team members were not clear with the goal or objective. The main reason behind it was lack of information gathering and improper communication with each others. Improper information gathering from any expert or team members As commented by Remington and Pollack (2007), information gathering is the initial step of any project. If information gathering is done in improper manner, than complete project process will be affected. In case of relocation project, we as team due to lack of information provided by client. Our team coordination and process were affected. Lack of communication network among client and team members The communication network channel due to many reasons were affected. That is, dissatisfaction of client regarding any project process. As mentioned by Geoghegan and Dulewicz (2008), every process main factor is communication process or network adopted. With the help of communication network, we as a team used to communicate with each other. In addition to this, we also used to communicate with clients. But, due to lack of information or poor communication process. Our team work was affected and team coordination was also disturbed. 4. Project management leadership skills involved in this project As mentioned by Muller and Turner (2007), with the help of leadership skill of team members we had completed relocation project on time. Leadership skill helped us to complete each stage of project. On the other hand, some of the major project management leadership skills involved in relocation project are - With the help of leadership skill we planned our project process plan and different strategies. On the other hand, it also helped us in knowing about the objective of the project. In addition to this, as commented by Anderson (2008), every individual leadership skills and techniques are different. So, as a team we all got chance to work under different leaders. Apart from this, with the help of leadership skills, we used to motivate each others. On the other hand, it helped us completing project with the proper coordination of each member. The main leadership skill involved in relocation project was motivating, encouraging, team work, objective identification and others. With the help of these skills, each of us use to influence each other to work in proper way. As mentioned by Geoghegan and Dulewicz (2008), team members should always motivate each other. It will help in increasing the efficacy of team and also improving the performance of project outcome. 5. Recommendation regarding project management leadership skills After completion of this relocation project, I will suggest our team members to avoid the barriers faced in this project. It will help us to improve our team efficacy and productivity. On the other hand, leadership skills will also help in performing work in better way. Conclusion The study is having discussion about the different barriers faced by us in relocation project. In addition to this, study is also having discussion about the leadership skills adopted. The relocation project main focus was to relocate call center from of building to new building. In addition to this, main focus was on team work and its coordination. References Geoghegan, L. and Dulewicz, V. (2008) Do Project Managers Leadership Competencies Contribute to Project Success? Project Management Journal. 39 (4), 58-67. Mathieu, J. and Maynard, M.T.; Rapps, T.; Gilson, L. (2008) Team Effectiveness 1997-2007: A Review of Recent Advancements and a Glimpse Into the Future Journal of Management 34 (3), 410-476. Maurer, I. (2010) How to build trust in inter-organizational projects: The impact of project staffing and project rewards on the formation of trust, knowledge acquisition and product innovation International Journal of Project Management 28 (7), 629-637. Muller, R and Turner, J.R. (2007) Matching the project manager's leadership style to project type International Journal of Project Management 25 (1) , 21-32. Yang, L.R. and Huang,C.F.; Wu, K.S. (2011) The association among project manager's leadership style, teamwork and project success International Journal of Project Management 29 (3), 258-267. Anderson, E. S (2008) Rethinking Project Management: an organizational perspective, FT Prentice Hall Anthony, M, Chapman, J, Leigh, G, Payne, A, and Rayner, P (Eds.) (2006) Gower Handbook of Programme Management (4th ed.) Gower Aucoin, B. M. (2007) Right-Brain Project Management: a complementary approach, Management Concepts Keeling, R. (2000), Project Management: An International Perspective Lock, D. (2007), Project Management (9th Ed) Gower Meredith, J. and Mantel, S J (2006), Project Management: a Managerial Approach (6th ed.) Wiley Remington, K. and Pollack, J (2007) Tools for Complex Projects, Gower

PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain

Hotel industry comprises one of the biggest areas of touristic business in Spain. PESTEL and trend analysis for the hotel industry in Spain reveals that though the severe financial crisis caused a temporary decline in this sector, hotel business quickly recovered from the crisis and is currently on the way to a new period of prosperity. Spanish political, economic, and legal conditions are rather advantageous for both employers and employees in the hotel industry and should encourage its extensive development in the nearest future.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Spain Political Analysis Government Stability According to the data collected by The World Bank (2013), the index for political stability in Spain is currently growing, though it was significantly under 0.00 index during 2006-2011 (par. 2). Therefore, the risks o f destabilization of the government are higher than in other Western European countries but are not as critical as it was during the previous years (A. M. Best Company Inc., 2015, p. 3). The lowered rates of government stability experienced by Spain during the recent years Spain influenced hotel industry by making the country less attractive to foreign investors. However, current government stability is favorable for foreign investors. Taxation Policy The Value Added Tax in Spain is due for any services sold in the country, including hotels and cultural events. 2013: The Spanish government increased hotel tax from eight to ten percent (Berman, 2012, par. 2). The taxation policy significantly affects the hotel industry, as high hotel taxes decrease the rates of tourism. The two percent hike in hotel tax in Spain has not caused significant changes in the hotel industry, but further tax hike is not desirable. Hotel Industry Specific Regulations In Spain, hotels are obliged to commu nicate the rates they apply to the Local Tourism Authority and to place them in a visible place (CMS guide, 2008, p. 58). Detailed regulations approved by the Ministry of Industry govern health and safety issues in the hotels, including the size of the room, disabled access, fire and escape plans, etc. (CMS guide, 2008, p. 59). A hotel license from the Regional Tourism Authorities is required to commence trading. The hotel industry regulations in Spain are highly effective in ensuring the safety of the customers and the fairness of charged fees. Social Welfare Policy Spain has a smaller welfare state than most central and Northern European countries. The social services provided by the Spanish social security include protection in case of maternity, illness, unemployment, retirement, etc. Healthcare and education are universal (Aguilar, Escobedo, Montagut, 2013, p. 5). The social welfare policy in Spain protects the employees and should promote the development of hotel industry b y attracting new employees to this sector. Employment Laws 40-hour working week. Vacation of 21 business days. Fifteen days (including weekends) for marriage. Four months for maternity leave. Employment laws in Spain are mostly similar to the laws of other Western Europe countries. However, the salaries in Spain are lower than in northern Europe, and, therefore, the Spanish hotel industry is not very competitive in terms of attracting expatriates and other foreign employees, though is competitive in attracting foreign investors. Competitive Regulations Fair competition is supposed to be ensured and controlled by the country’s antitrust authority – the Comisià ³n Nacional de la Competencia (CNC) (Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Competition Act, 2013, p. 1). The competition law is enforced by the Competition Service (Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia) and the Competition Tribunal (Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia) (Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Compet ition Act, 2013, p. 1). The competitive regulations in Spain create a fair environment for the competitors in the hotel industry and should promote its further development. Spain Economic Analysis Business Cycles The severe economic crisis recently experienced by Spain has dramatically influenced the business cycles in the country. The great recession of 2008 has caused a significant decrease in the business activities. The business cycle trough in the summer of 2013 was followed by the recovery period continuing till now (Global business cycle map, 2015, par. 1). Though Spain experiences business cycle trough, the business in the country is supposed to witness the successful recovery and expansion during the nearest 10-20 years. Interest Rates The interest rate in Spain started declining in 2008. After a dramatic decrease, it continued a gradual falling up to 2015. Spain’s benchmark interest rate is set by the European Central Bank and is currently at 0.05. Spain Long Te rm Interest Rate is at 1.78% (European Central Bank, 2015, par. 1). The decreased interest rate in Spain reflects its economic instability and presents a serious threat to all industries, as weak economic is not likely to attract investors. Money Supply Money supply in Spain continues to grow. Money Supply M1 in Spain is 663777 EUR Million while Money Supply M2 is 1032192 EUR Million (IEconomics, 2015, par. 1). The increased money supply affects interest rates of the country. The expansionary monetary policy in Spain can lead to further decrease in interest rates. Inflation Hotels and restaurants comprise 11.5 percent of the consumer price index in Spain (Ernst Young, 2013, p. 239). After a drastic decrease in inflation in 2008-2009, it experienced a period of growth interrupted by repeated decrease starting in 2012. Currently, consumer prices index in Spain continues to fall nearly 0.5 percent on a monthly basis (National Statistics Institute, 2015, par. 1). The hotel industry significantly impacts the consumer price index in Spain, as hospitality is one of the main contributors to the wider economy. Therefore, the development of hotel industry should be one of the main priorities of the government. Unemployment Unemployment is one of the most vital problems in Spain. From 2008, the unemployment rates were growing and reached the all-time high of 27 percent. Currently, positive tendencies are witnessed, as the jobless rate is 21 percent now. Spain’s hospitality sector supports a significant number of jobs equivalent to 12.4% of the total workforce (Ernst Young, 2014, p. 239). Therefore, the government is likely to put much effort in promoting the development of hotel industry as it plays a crucial role in providing employment opportunities. Disposable Income Disposable Personal Income in Spain increased to â€Å"215100 EUR Million† this year and Spain Real Household Personal Disposable Income is at a current level of 98.80 (Federal Res erve Bank of Dallas, 2015, par. 1). There is a significant difference in the disposable income of the top and the bottom of the population of Spain Spain’s lowered disposable income rates are likely to make the country attractive to foreign investors due to the lowered expenses needed for paying the local employees. Exchange Rates Spain’s Currency is Euro. The exchange rate for Euro is nearly â‚ ¬0.77= $1. The exchange rates in Spain totally depend on the general tendencies faced by Euro, as the country does not use its country-specific currency. Such situation leads to the high interest of the population of the European Union using the same currency to the tourism in Spain, which directly influences the hotel industry. Spain Socio-Cultural Analysis Demographics As of July 1014, Spain had a total population of nearly 48 million (CIA, 2015, par. 1). Nearly half of the population is aged 25-54 years, and the median age is 41 years (CIA, 2015, par. 2). Urban popula tion comprises nearly 77 percent of total population. Roman Catholicism is the prevailing religion (94%) (CIA, 2015, par. 1). Lifestyle Changes Spain is known for a wide range of sports and leisure activities. The country has a reputation for its delicious food being known as a representative of the Mediterranean diet. The highly diverse landscape offers both beautiful beaches for summer holidays and amazing mountains for winter holidays. The experienced financial crisis in Spain has influenced certain aspects of the Spanish lifestyle, but the country remains highly attractive for tourists willing to experience the famous advantages of the Spanish lifestyle. Education Level Nearly 99 percent of the population aged above 15 can read and write (CIA, 2015, par. 26). The quality of education in Spain is considered lower than in other Western European countries. Fifty-five percent of adult population has upper secondary education. This index is lower than the average percent for most of European Union countries. Lowered level of education in Spain contributes to lowered wages, which can be an attractive factor for foreign investors. Income Distribution Spanish wealth gap is considered one of the biggest in the European region, as it the most unequal in Europe. Top twenty percent of the society is approximately eight times richer than the bottom of the population. The unequal income distribution in Spain affects the hotel industry, as it should create a high demand for low-paid jobs in the hospitality sector. Social Mobility Spain, along with other Southern European countries, appears to be rather social immobile. In Spain, the influence of parental background on person’s educational and job opportunities is rather high (OECD, 2010, p. 185). Attitudes to Work and Leisure Work-life balance is one of the primary priorities of the Spanish population. Spaniards are less likely to consider career the most important thing of their life than the population of Northern European countries. Spanish people value leisure relatively high, which creates a great demand for hotels among the population of the country. Consumerism The level of satisfaction from purchasing for family and self in Spain is medium and is similar to other Western European countries. The importance of other’s admiration of possessions is low while willingness to try new technologies is medium. Most Spaniards tend to give much value to leisure time and consider gaining more time for family life as one of the biggest goals. Such situation is likely to promote the high demand for services provided by hospitality sector, including the hotel industry. Spain Technological Analysis New Inventions Spain is known for its rich history of inventions, both in the old times and during the last centuries. Spain occupies the ninth place in the rankings of world science, but the budget cuts caused by Spanish financial crisis significantly decreased the rates of new scient ific discoveries Rates of Obsolescence Obsolescence rates in most industries in Spain are relatively low. The low level of obsolescence in Spain attracts foreign tourists interested in using services based on the state-of-the-art technologies. Government Spending on Research Spanish system for science and technology heavily depends on the public sector, which makes it highly susceptible to any changes in the economic status of the country. Though the government tends to spend much money for research, the Spanish financial crisis caused the deep budget cuts that significantly decreased the rates of new scientific discoveries. Technology Transfers The institutions working on improving existing and creating new technologies in Spain collaborate with industry representatives and transfer new technologies to the potential customers. Spain Environmental Analysis Geographical Location Spain shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the M editerranean Sea. Such location gives to the country numerous stretches of coastline that are attractive sites for tourists. Spain possesses the Balearic Islands and the Canary Islands, which are popular touristic destinations. Spain is the most mountainous country in Europe. The country’s unique advantageous geographical location is one of the most influential factors positively influencing the hotel industry. Climate and Weather The country’s big territory causes big variations in climate and weather across it. The climate is mostly mild, which is a great advantage for tourism-related industries, including hotel industry. The coastal regions in the South and Eastern parts of Spain have the Mediterranean climate, which is highly beneficial for the tourism. These territories are perfect for visiting during the whole year. The mild climate is likely to remain one of the primary benefits promoting the development of touristic services and the hotel industry. Spain Leg al Analysis Competition Laws 1963: The first special Act in Spain prohibited anti-competitive practices. 1989: The second competition Act that introduced a modern system of competition law enforcement in the country as a result of Spain’s accession to the European Economic Community. This act provided SDC and TDC with bigger resources and more efficacious tools to carry out their duties (Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Competition Act, 2013, p. 1). 2007: The third competition Act, which created the Comisià ³n Nacional de la Competencia (CNC). The competition laws in Spain are likely to be favorable for investors and positively influence the hotel industry. Employment Law The government has launched a package of incentives aimed at promoting job creation and private business The minimum is set by the Government each year (currently nearly 650 Euros). All employment contracts in Spain are registered at the employment offices though written contract of employment is not ne cessary. The employment laws in Spain are aimed at protecting and being favorable to the employees. Health and Safety Occupational safety and health are ensured by the Ministry of Employment. The Ministry governs the National Institute of Safety and Hygiene at Work and the Labour Inspectorate, which are the bodies responsible for enforcing appropriate laws. The regulatory framework of the main elements of occupational safety and health legislation in Spain is advantageous for the workers and strictly governs the employers in the hotel industry. Product and Service Safety 1978: the enactment of the Spanish Constitution, which guides the defense of consumers. 2003: Royal Decree Number 1801/2003, which defines the health and personal safety standards applicable to any product or service (Gutierrez Buigas, n.d., p. 5). 2007: The General Law on the Protection of Consumers and Users Hotel industry provides services and products that are eligible to the mentioned regulations and shoul d conform to the accepted standards of safety. The Analysis of the Major Trends Attracting Tourism in Spain After the Spanish financial crisis and subsequent decline in tourism in Spain, the positive tendencies started developing in 2014. There are several main tendencies contributing to the stabilization of tourism sector and attracting the visitors from all over the world to Spain. One of the current positive trends in the Spanish tourism sector is the returning flow of investors, both local and foreign, eager to invest in the hotel business in Spain. The affordable assets and renewed trust in the Spanish economy encourage investors to consider hotel sector in Spain an attractive area of business. Barcelona and Madrid are the main investment destinations, as Barcelona is one of the most popular recreational and cultural sights in Europe while Madrid is a destination for a large amount of business travel. Gulf companies comprise the largest group of foreign investors though Europe an investors are also active. Such trends result in better services offered by Spanish hotels, and, therefore, contribute to higher numbers of international visitors. The orientation to low-cost services is one of the evolving features of the touristic companies working in Spain. Such trend positively influences the number of visitors, as more people can afford a vacation in Spain nowadays than it was before the financial crisis. Many companies, including those operating within the hotel industry, modify their policies and services toward this growing trend to remain competitive and attract more customers (Euromonitor International, 2014, par. 3). The Analysis of the Major Trends Attracting Holiday Tourism Holiday travel is one of the main types of tourism in Europe, as many people are willing to spend the holidays in an unusual destination. Spain offers a wide variety of holiday travel services due to the warm climate and abundance of natural and cultural attractions. Several trend s developing in touristic business in Spain attract tourists and contribute to the Spanish economy. The popularization of Sun-and-Beach tourism in Mallorca is one of the most influential trends benefiting Spanish holiday tourism. The island has an abundance of historical and cultural sights. The largest group of holiday makers, who are attracted by picturesque beaches, warm climate, and exceptional touristic amenities, comes from Germany and the United Kingdom. The economy of the island is highly dependable on the tourism industry.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The quick expansion of the Internet services contributed to the popularization of Sun-and-Beach tourism in Mallorca, as World Wide Web enabled a large group of potential customers discover the opportunities of having a holiday in Mallorca. Online applications and sources provide the information about the holiday resort and give an opportunity to choose between numerous variants of housing options (Yusta, Monge, Vega, 2008, p. 485). The PESTEL and trend analysis for the hotel industry in Spain reveals that the industry has managed to recover from the decline caused by the Spanish financial crisis quickly. The country’s political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal framework is favorable for further development of hotel industry and promotes positive trends attracting tourists to Spain. References Aguilar, M., Escobedo, A., Montagut, T. (2013). Local welfare policies in Spain: Employment, housing and child care. Retrieved from http://www.wilcoproject.eu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/WILCO_WP2_Report_06_ES1.pdf A. M. Best Company Inc. (2015). AMB country risk report. Retrieved from http://www3.ambest.com/ratings/cr/reports/Spain.pdf Berman, C. (2012). Spanish hotel tax rises to 10%. Retrieved from http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/Articles/2012/07/11/41058/sp anish-hotel-tax-rises-to-10.html CIA. (2015). Spain demographics profile 2014. Retrieved from http://www.indexmundi.com/spain/demographics_profile.html CMS guide to principal hotel-specific laws in Europe and China. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.cmslegal.com/Hubbard.FileSystem/files/Publication/88240935-6e27-462f-8ab7-00ccaec5ecb6/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/d792919c-5e74-4f22-a302-03512eecae39/CMSLS_0908L5_Hotel%20Law%20Guide_0917_yp.pdfAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ernst Young. (2013). The hospitality sector in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/The_Hospitality_Sector_in_Europe/$FILE/EY_The_Hospitality_Sector_in_Europe.pdf Euromonitor International. (2014). Travel in Spain. Retrieved from http://www.euromonitor.com/travel-in-spain/report European Central Bank. (2015). Long-ter m interest rate. Retrieved from https://ycharts.com/indicators/spain_long_term_interest_rates Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. (2015). Spain real household personal disposable income. Retrieved from https://ycharts.com/indicators/spain_real_household_personal_disposable_income Global business cycle map. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.economy.com/dismal/tools/global-business-cycle-map Gutierrez, J., Buigas, B. (n.d.). Consumer protection in Spain. Retrieved from http://www.buigas.com/panell/public/adjunts/articulos_107_Consumer_Protection_in_Spain.pdf IEconomics. (2015). Spain – Money supply M2. Retrieved from http://ieconomics.com/spain-money-supply-m2Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More National Statistics Institute. (2015). Spain inflation rate. Retrieved from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/inflation-cpi OECD. (2010). A family affair: Intergenerational social mobility across OECD countries. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/chapter%205%20gfg%202010.pdf Spain: Anniversary of the Spanish Competition Act. (2013). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/competition/ecn/brief/01_2013/es_anniv.pdf The World Bank. (2013). Spain political stability. Retrieved from http://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Spain/wb_political_stability/ Yusta, A., Monge, E., Vega, A. (2008). The adoption of the Internet as a new distribution channel for holiday tourism in Spain: The challenge of consumer perceived risk and consumer attitudes. Retrieved from http://www.computer.org.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/csdl/proceedings/dexa/2008/3299/00/3299a485.pdf This report on PESTEL and Trend Analysis for the Hotel Industry in Spain was written and submitted by user Danny Garrett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Channel Firing Poem Analysis Essays

Channel Firing Poem Analysis Essays Channel Firing Poem Analysis Paper Channel Firing Poem Analysis Paper Essay Topic: Alice in Wonderland Thomas Hardy Poems Essay on Channel Firing by Thomas Hardy Thomas Hardys â€Å"Channel Firing† is a poem written in 1914, four months prior to the start of World War 1. This historical context is crucial to understanding the poem as it expresses the dark and sorrowful foreshadowing of the months before the war, creating feelings of tension, turmoil and unrest. There were, at the time, many young men who did not share the common unease, more so tension turned to excitement, turmoil to eagerness and unrest to anticipation. The split between society in the months leading up to the war is portrayed in Hardys poem. For example, the anonymous character Hardy embodies in this poem states how he â€Å"thought it was judgement day† as he hears gunfire, quite clearly depicting his fear. ‘Channel Firing’, is a dialogue carried out entirely by the occupants of a seaside cemetery, who confuse naval gunnery practice with the thunder of the Day of Judgment. As Fussell suggests, Hardy almost wrote the war before it happened. It is no surprise that Siegfried Sassoon, who wrote the sharpest satirical poems about war, acknowledged Hardy as his master. Hardy had, of course, written about war before this, and very powerfully. Allusions in Channel Firing Possibly an allusion to a childrens tale Alice in Wonderland in which the Mad Hatter is frozen in time and perhaps as a result goes insane, Hardy perhaps draws a comparison between this character and the leaders of humanity. The use of mad as hatters could also be a reference to humanitys aggressiveness and thirst for blood to be a detrimental mindset, or indeed it could depict the primal instincts of man. Another quote that is perhaps important to consider is â€Å"They do no more for Christà ©s sake†. This could be seen to have two meanings, â€Å"for Christà ©s sake† could itself be a curse as is used in modern day in anger or exasperation, or perhaps it could allude to an aforementioned point that humanity goes to war, fights and dies in Gods name, thus meaning that they no longer fight for God. With further reference to religion, the poem seems to allude to, through the use of humanitys unending cycle of violence, a powerless God or a God that does not care. The key way in which this poem slightly differs from other Hardy work is that he accepts Gods existence, even going so far as to introduce him as a character with a stanzas worth of dialogue, â€Å" Till God called, No†. A major factor to take into consideration when studying any of Hardys poems is his religious background.

Habitus in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Habitus in the Modern World - Essay Example "The struggle of social distinction, whatever its symbolic form, is for Bourdieu a fundamental dimension of all social life. The larger issue, then, is one of power relations among individuals, groups and institutions (particularly the educational system). Indeed, for Bourdieu power is not a separate domain of study but stands at the heart of all social life" (6). To discover how power is regulated and dispersed throughout the sociological systems of human existence, Bourdieu strove throughout his life to discover the 'master' science that would unlock the codes of human behaviors regardless of culture or society. While sociological theories are often dedicated most stringently to the various hierarchies and power balances as they are found within the group structures, Bourdieu took his ideas further to explore how the various individuals within the group were typically provided their status and power, concentrating most especially upon how they learned the rules of the game when no rules, written or otherwise, are to be found. Within his work, Bourdieu struggled always to find a sort of 'master' science that would explain the various detailed elements of ever... y of the laws whereby structures tend to reproduce themselves by producing agents invested with the system of dispositions which is able to engender practices adapted to these structures and thus contribute to their production" (Bourdieu, 1973 cited in 7). This definition being about as convoluted as a pig's tail, what Bourdieu is essentially indicating is the process of regeneration of social institutions through imperfect repetition. A very simple, and perhaps not fully accurate, analogy to this process would be in the social system of an audience. As a collective group, the audience tends to encourage behaviors such as being silent, remaining attentive to what's happening on stage and clapping at the appropriate moments. This would be the first structure. This structure produces agents, the audience members, who are already predisposed to behave as an audience when the situation demands. As these individuals go into 'audience' mode in a given situation, they encourage others to be have in similar ways, thus contributing to their [the audience structure] production. While this establishes some of the mechanisms in place at the group level, it doesn't go far to explain the interrelationship between the group and the individual. For Bourdieu, the key question centered on discovering how individuals became members of groups, gaining their individual elements of power and status within that group, without any form of written or even informal rules. This was the key element of his research as he developed his conceptions of habitus, field and agency. By understanding the interrelated nature of Bourdieu's ideas concerning habitus, field and agency, it is possible to understand how his theories might be applied to current sociological concerns such as contemporary

Social marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social marketing - Essay Example This report focuses mainly on ways and techniques for social marketing. Social marketing is a source of creating awareness regarding any essential issue in a society and works for social benefits by means of various campaigns which are usually non-profit seeking. It is a way to change behavior of individuals in a society and strive for their good. These issues could be health related or may be associated with behavioral changes needed by a society. Social marketing must not be puzzled or mingled with â€Å"societal marketing â€Å"or â€Å"social media marketing† as these are entirely separate marketing techniques.(Kotler, Roberto, Lee, 2002) Social marketing may include various significant campaigns like stop smoking, and it should be avoided in public places and where kids are present in a family places like restaurants. Awareness regarding syringes to be disposed immediately after the use, to avoid HIV transmission. Here it also involves educating people to observe the laboratory technician or hospital staff whether they dispose the syringe in front of you in the trash can or not. Another health issue is the use same shaving razor in saloons that may lead to catch jaundice or hepatitis infections and skin diseases. (Ewing, 2001) Hence the aim of social marketing is to use commercial techniques for the betterment of society and common people regardless of considering the financial profit. HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY: One of the healthcare industries is a pharmaceutical industry that manufactures drug substances including tablet, capsule, injections, syrups, suspensions, creams and ointments. The label of a drug is one of the most important protocols that should contain all relevant information including generic name of the drug, weight of the active ingredient, batch number, date of manufacture, expiry date , manufacturer’s name, dose, and other useful information which stands as a key factor in marketing of these medicinal agents. Another healthcare industry is a hospital where a patient is admitted for treatment and gets cured. These days many hospitals are occupied in social marketing related to human health like arranging free eye camps for treatment of cataract and free diabetes check up etc. Certain NGO’s and government healthcare departments are organizing various social marketing campaigns like prevention of drug addiction and counseling of such addict ed individuals. PRODUCTS FOR SOCIAL MARKETING: Social marketing products are non-tangible objects and are important for health, safety and environments benefits. There are many examples of social marketing products like, water conservation, keep the environment clean and green etc. (Vella, 2008) EXERCISE: Here we shall consider the example of â€Å"exercise† as a social marketing product. Exercise is considered as one of the most important aspect of human life style. It helps you staying fit and healthy. This act is very essential for prevention of various diseases like myocardial infarction, blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis etc. Even pregnant women are advised for mild exercises during the period of gestation to keep themselves active. Exercise boosts your stamina and helps in ailment of numerous diseases. A brisk walk is supposed to be the best exercise for age groups. Nowadays there is a trend of going to gym for aerobics and use of fitness machines. Therefore exercise as one of social marketing product where different companies are also engaged in bringing people towards health and fitness and changing their views, plays a vital role in prevention and cure of a number of health related issues. There are four Ps of marketing: product, place, price and promotion. (Kotler, 2003) Product: means the preferred attitude that the marketing company anticipates from the consumers. This is usually a non-tangible object but could be physical as well (e.g. weight reduction pill). Price: The price should be affordable, like offering special packages for gym, swimming pool, games such as tennis,